Monday, January 14, 2013

Not Really Against Utilitarianism

Bernard Williams has some good points about the shortcomings of utilitarianism in "Against Utilitarianism", but the arguments he uses are off.  His example of George taking the job for biological warfare because he needs employment is not necessarily a good idea or a bad idea.  Williams tries to say utilitarianism is wrong because you can make the wrong decision if you think only of utility, but utilitarianism doesn't mean that you should only look to the utility of it, but you should keep the consequences in perspective.  The consequences could be that George taking the job leads to him becoming immoral in other aspects of his life.  Utilitarianism is a philosophy that recognizes the world isn't black and white and that a decision based on principle alone can easily lead to disastrous consequences.  Disregarding consequences in decision making can be horrific and if any rules are considered too important to ever break, that too can lead to horrific results.  It is wrong to lie, but surely there are cases where it is acceptable.  It's wrong to kill, but what if it's the only way to stop a serial killer?  Consequences should always be kept in mind, but one should be careful not to purely accept them because that can lead to a lack of humanity.  Nielsen emphasized this and he did a great job of explaining how it may be more practical to let something inefficient to happen (such as the mob violence) rather than infringing the law because it could actually lead to a breakdown of the moral structure and legitimacy of the political system of the state.  Utilitarianism does not mean just doing what is most efficient in an individual situation, but rather making sure that you look at the situation and make the right decision based on the real world and not ideal principles.

4 comments:

  1. What about situations when you have to make a decision very quickly, or when you don't have time to deliberate as to what the consequences of your actions might be? I agree with you that the utility of certain situations is not simply black and white, but am curious as to what you think of utilitarianism in terms of when a person is placed in a life or death situation.

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  2. @Anna: Many times in those types of situations, it seems that people act out of mere instinct, or may we say, intuition, as to what action to take. These actions and the making of the decision may come automatically out of a conditioned response of the person through his upbringing, and the subconscious is the one helping you to automatically make these decisions. Would it be to say these are of the "vegetative" actions Aristotle talks about? I believe everyone has a somewhat innate sense of at least a right and a wrong that guides their instinct in such situations as you describe.

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  3. The question I would like to add to the comments discussion is where we draw "right" from. Is it that we don't do anything incongruous with our instincts? or is there more to the question of right and wrong than that.

    In more general response to the post, I want to ask you to think more about what it is to lose humanity in a situation. What are the inherent values that you are advocating protecting?

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  4. It still seems very difficult to focus your actions inn a way such that you are thinking of the possible outcomes. Being driven by an end result is not always the best approach when determining what action we should take next or how we should orient ourselves. Also, what do you see as the big disconnect between the real world and ideals? Why does this disconnect even exist?

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